Journey Of The Magi Essay -- essays research papers

T.S. Eliots Journey of the MagiThis Christmas poetry is intimately the Epiphany and was created the very year of Eliots conversion to Christianity (Fleisner, 66). Therefore the theme of organized religion is an important one if we are to analyse the poem correctly. In the book of Ephesians in the Bible, Paul describes the rebirth of the world upon Christs death, emphasising the Ephesians new liveliness (24-5). This theme of death and rebirth is present in the poem Journey of the Magi, which, I will argue, is structurally and internally divided into three stages corresponding to the service of Penance contrition (guilt), confession and satisfaction.To understand this poem, one has to understand the impact that Christ had on the World. At the time of his birth, however, the known world was not constant people worshipped many gods, and we get a full description of the way life was by the Magus who narrates his story of their journey to Bethlehem to witness the halt of an epoch a nd the birth of a new one. According to the Oxford Dictionary of the Bible, "contrition is a penitents uncanny sorrow for the sins he has committed, and it necessarily includes hatred for such(prenominal) sins, as well as the determination to avoid them in the future." In the commencement stanza, this "spiritual sorrow" is apparent by the contrast Eliot uses, of the Magis effortful journey. In fact, the central focus of criticism has been on the journey the "cold coming" (line 1) during "the worst time of the year" (line 2), emphasising the climatic statement of the stanza "A unsaid time we had of it" (line 16). The Magus talks of their sorrowful past life of ease, the times they "regrettedthe silken girls bringing sherbet" (lines 8-10), and in the same way that they are physically mournful towards Christ, they feel they are progressing spiritually, putting a personal ban on the sinful lives they have had. This act of contrition s eems genuine because they are pressured by the "voices singing in their ears, saying/ That this was all folly" (lines 19-20). These are the voices of the camel men, the hostile cities and the unfriendly towns, voices that tempt the wise men to cease their foolish journey and fall, once again, into spiritual degeneration. In the end, the difficulty of the jour... ...sinful ways and, second, that the Magi no longer blend with their people, who are now alien to them, "clutching their gods."The final sentence also multiplies in meaning, reiterating the theme of the poem that the search for graven image is a process only ending in death. On one level, the speaker wishes for his own death in order to end this tiring process. On another, higher level, the speaker wishes for the death of Christ, for, ultimately, it is in Christs death that true satisfaction can occur. Eliot also emphasises the speakers doubt over the Death and Rebirth in the poem, using "should," which suggests both that he indeed "wants" another death in order to bring about spiritual renewal and that he "ought" to be happy with another death, but is not certain that he would be happy after his experience with the first death.To conclude, the poem Journey of the Magi, touches on the journey of human spirit and their endeavour for perfection. It delivers a message that we are all involved in the process of perfection of self, and sombrely, one can only reach this place of utter satisfaction through death.

Behavior Theories Essay -- Psychology Psychological Essays

Behavior Theories The wide study of human existences has led psychologists to the development of many theories explaining the elements that give birth a individuals behavior and attitude. In this paper I would like to reflect upon nigh of the theories we studied such as the cultivation theory, social learnedness theory, the ascription theory, and the cognitive dissonance theory, and relate them to my life and adjoin environment.Id like to first start off with the cultivation theory (also keep in mind the social learning theory, it is of the same nature). For those strange with this theory it states, the more media one consumes the more apt(predicate) he or she will perceive the innovation as scary base. Now to be solely honest my views ab stunned violence in the media and its affects on people were pretty firm. I never hold with this idea whatsoever. Because I myself watch a gross ton of violent programs and listen to probably the most controversial music instantly, it was hard for me to accept that this media was supposedly inflicting handicap upon others physically and mentally, when in no harmful focal point did it affect me. I always felt that people who were unintentionally affected by the media and cloak out violently because of certain programs or music conscionable needed a basis for their stupidity or in other words a tuppeny excuse. I just believe that if a baby is persuaded into burning the family couch resulting in the death of his little sister because he saw it on a past episode of Bevis and Butthead, then I recover that child is unstable. Its not the content of the media we need to examine its the child that needs to be picked apart and dissected. I have yet to experience a personalised situation like this in my life the only cases I can relate to are the ones cast off on display on TV and in the papers. Everyone has their own individual thoughts and mind frames, some choose to be leaders, while others choose to be follower s, who do you think is more likely to be persuaded by the media? But I would like to say that after studying both the cultivation and social learning theories in class, I have been able to centripetal up and accept that some media content can and has had a negative affect on some people. The most interesting thing that I never really thought close to until after the discussion of these theories was learning that people are more likely to copy actions that receive positiv... ...ated. This is one of the biggest problems among us college students todays, drinking and driving, when are we going to realize its stupid. The answer to that would be Guys you know I dont like drinking and driving BUT Ill do it this one last time. When my friends and I go out we always try to have a DD, but a lot of the times being around people that are drinking and acting goofy, is very persuasive in getting that person to drink. Now what. Well now the parties over and everybodys drunk, so whos going to d rive, obviously someone who was not willing to in the first place because they felt its not smart. But you know how quick alcohol can change that, Ill drive Im fine, no really Im fine I only had about twelve beers, I can barely walk or talk, but Ill drive.In conclusion, I would like to say that learning about these theories and their meanings and differences has been on the whole interesting and helpful to me, honestly. I think its pretty cool to know a little slit more about people and why they act the way they do, particularly my family and friends and even myself. It has and will allow me to make better judgements about situations and the behaviors of others. Behavior Theories analyze -- Psychology Psychological EssaysBehavior Theories The wide study of human beings has led psychologists to the development of many theories explaining the elements that cause a persons behavior and attitude. In this paper I would like to reflect upon some of the theories we stu died such as the cultivation theory, social learning theory, the attribution theory, and the cognitive dissonance theory, and relate them to my life and surrounding environment.Id like to first start off with the cultivation theory (also keep in mind the social learning theory, it is of the same nature). For those unfamiliar with this theory it states, the more media one consumes the more likely he or she will perceive the world as scary place. Now to be totally honest my views about violence in the media and its affects on people were pretty firm. I never agreed with this idea whatsoever. Because I myself watch a ton of violent programs and listen to probably the most controversial music today, it was hard for me to accept that this media was supposedly inflicting harm upon others physically and mentally, when in no harmful way did it affect me. I always felt that people who were unintentionally affected by the media and act out violently because of certain programs or music just n eeded a basis for their stupidity or in other words a cheap excuse. I just believe that if a child is persuaded into burning the family couch resulting in the death of his little sister because he saw it on a past episode of Bevis and Butthead, then I feel that child is unstable. Its not the content of the media we need to examine its the child that needs to be picked apart and dissected. I have yet to experience a personal situation like this in my life the only cases I can relate to are the ones put on display on TV and in the papers. Everyone has their own individual thoughts and mind frames, some choose to be leaders, while others choose to be followers, who do you think is more likely to be persuaded by the media? But I would like to say that after studying both the cultivation and social learning theories in class, I have been able to open up and accept that some media content can and has had a negative affect on some people. The most interesting thing that I never really thou ght about until after the discussion of these theories was learning that people are more likely to copy actions that receive positiv... ...ated. This is one of the biggest problems among us college students todays, drinking and driving, when are we going to realize its stupid. The answer to that would be Guys you know I dont like drinking and driving BUT Ill do it this one last time. When my friends and I go out we always try to have a DD, but a lot of the times being around people that are drinking and acting goofy, is very persuasive in getting that person to drink. Now what. Well now the parties over and everybodys drunk, so whos going to drive, obviously someone who was not willing to in the first place because they felt its not smart. But you know how quickly alcohol can change that, Ill drive Im fine, no really Im fine I only had about twelve beers, I can barely walk or talk, but Ill drive.In conclusion, I would like to say that learning about these theories and their meaning s and differences has been totally interesting and helpful to me, honestly. I think its pretty cool to know a little bit more about people and why they act the way they do, particularly my family and friends and even myself. It has and will allow me to make better judgements about situations and the behaviors of others.

Essay --

Aristotel considera c majoritatea oamenilor merit s fie sclavi datorit faptului c se complac ntr-un stil de via asemenea animalelor. Oamenii concep binele i fericirea n funcie de modul de via pe criminal maintenance l au. Majoritatea i gsete fericirea n plcere, de aceea muli au o via plin de desftri.Sclavul face parte boom out ultima treapt a societii, fiind un termen de comparaie exchange boot nu se poate cdea. El este o fiin inferioar tuturor oamenilor. Sclavul este sluga stpnului, unealta prin care stpnul i sporete avuia, cum ar fi un sclav care muncete n plantaia stpnului. Sclavul este un obiect de schimb, de vnzare, de supunere.Cel care este sclav este umil, subapreciat i nu este ludat vreodat pentru munca sa. Sclavul i aparine cu totul stpnului. El nu se poate nla din statul social pe care l are, astfel un sclav nu va deveni niciodat stpn. De asemenea, un sclav nu poate comanda stpnului aa cum un membru nu poate comanda creierului. Stpnul este singurul care poate comanda sc lavului ct i familiei.Spre sfritul make outii dup moartea lui Alexandru, trebuie sa se refugieze deoarece partidul patriotic nu-i putea ierta legtura cu familia domnitoare.La peri tatl era asemenea unui tiranei, cci i trata copiii asemenea unor sclavi. De asemenea, stpnul se comporta tiranic cu sclavii, deoarece el i urmrete propriul scop. Sclavul trebuie s duc la ndeplinire tot ceea ce i cere stpnul, chiar i atunci cnd acesta este un om nedrept sau care dorete ca sclavul s comit o nedreptate, cum ar fi uciderea cuiva. Invidia nu este altceva dect un fel de ntristare pentru fericirea ce ni se pare ca au egalii notri posednd sau capatand bunurile, despre care am vorbit, si aceasta nu a... ...poate fi fericit.Suprema fericire o au zeii. Ei au ajuns pe treapta cea mai nalt a fericirii. Omul tinde spre acest lucru, iar modul prin care o poate face este prin intermediul contemplaiei. Aceasta se realizeaz doar de cei care sunt prosperi, sntoi, care au toate cele necesare trupului, fr de care nu s-ar putea tri.Cei care nu au bunuri exterioare, care nu sunt sntoi i nu au suficient hran necesar supravieuirii nu pot fi fericii. O astfel de categorie este reprezentat de sclavi.Fericirea este o activitate, una demn de dorit n sine. Fericirea se mai gsete i n momentele de linite, de rgaz, momente pe care le pregtim prin activitatea pe care alegem s o facem. Sclavul nu poate alege cnd s lucreze, cnd s se relaxeze, cnd s fie fericit.Pentru a te bucura de fericire trebuie s fii n primul rnd om, apoi un om cu adevrat virtuos.

Tv Shows And Real Life :: essays research papers

TV Shows and Real Life     TV shows are probably the primary source of entertainment for theaverage Ameri dirty dog. more or less of them run from 7 p.m. to 10 p.m. with reruns startingat 5 p.m. We postdate them because they give us something to do, a way to relax,something to help pass the time. We all watch different shows, some people like"Married...with Children", some are repulsed with it, but like to watch "HomeImprovement", what draws embark onicular crowds to certain shows? How do these shows introduce the average American, or do they portray average Americans at all?These are questions many writers have attempted to answer, at least one editorialin almost every newspaper is dedicated to this topic. I think the people liketo see shows that portray them, or what theyd like to be.     "Married...with Children" runs on blur 29 on Mondays at 830 p.m., it hasbeen on air for a long time, and has passed its 200th episode last season. Themain characters of the show is womens raiment salesman Al Bundy, his wife Peg,dorky son Bud, and slutty daughter Kelly. Al loves to watch TV, bowl with hisbuddies, drink and go to the "nudy bar". Marcie and Jefferson, are the Bundysneighbors and also determine an active part in the show. Most shows consist of Algoing somewhere or doing something and everyone else making fun of him when hefails miserably. Al is someone you can hardly announce a father to his kids, hesdoesnt take care of them and he does absolutely nothing father-like for them orwith them. Al is constantly complaining about his marriage, he says that if hewas alter that night, none of this would have happened. He calls his childrenaccidents and the only good memory he has, is of him being a great high schoolfootball player, which he would take to the next level had all his dreams notbeen crushed by Peg. The only living thing Al really likes on the show is hisdog, Buck, to which he c an relate as they are both dirty and nasty. Every showit is the same kind of thing, over and over again. Peg is trying to convince Alto have sex, Al blames Peg for his failure in life, Kelly is screwing some guyin the back seat of a car, and Bud is looking at "nudy magazines". Last Monday,the 27, Al decided to join the Army Reserve in order to escape his family. JohnOzersky writes in his article entitled "TVs Anti-Families Married.

Comparison of Hemingways Hills Like White Elephants and Cat In The Rai

Comparison of Hemingways Hills Like White Elephants and Cat In The rainwaterCat In The Rain is set in an Italian hotel where we meet an American tally. Outside a cat is trapped in the rain, and the wife wants tosave it. When she goes to get it, it is g unrivaled hardly the maid later bringsher one.The point of view in the drool is a third person narrator, but theperspective changes going from the wife to the husband and an bearing narrator who tells it like it is. The story is toldretrospectively in the past tense. The narrator is omniscient - thatis he knows all but judges nothing. On the introductory page it seems it isthe server objectively telling us what is going on whereas the secondpage is told by the wife and the last paragraphs of the third andfourth and last page in our story is told to us by George (thehusband).In his composition of Cat In The Rain, Hemingway frees the storyfrom narrative interpretation and leaves it up to us, his readers, tointerpret what is going on. The story seems oddly ambiguous in itsnarrative nature. This is app atomic number 18ntly due to the objective narrationand the no-judging attitude in its style.The people we meet in this story are the couple (George and thenameless wife), the padrone, the waiter, the maid and the rain coatman. We are not supplied with any information about the waiter (whoappears on the first page and seems to voice the first part of thestory), nor are we supplied with information on the rain coat man. Thepadrone is attentive and seems to be everything her husband is not.Putting the couple up against each other reveals something quite ainteresting and gives us the impression that they are total opposites.The wife symbolizes natu... ... nameless andthe man in Hills is nameless. I think the couples in the twostories are one and the same couple. Again the two stories are abouthaving someone to care for - in Cat she wants to have a baby, andin Hills I think her heed is about to come true. Jig is pre gnant,but the man (George?) does not seem at all excited and pleas with herin this story to have an abortion. He tells her its a simpleoperation but that she should not do it if she does not want to. Itis not hard to see that she does want to have the baby, and if youbelieve the two women are actually the same, you can surely understandwhy she wants her long-desired wish to come true. The themes in thetwo stories are also close to being the same - the lack of love andthe lack of communication. So - are the two stories an evolutionarytale about a couple? I do not doubt it.

An Analysis of My Last Duchess by Robert Browning Essay -- My Last Duc

An Analysis of My Last Duchess by Robert BrowningMy Last Duchess is written as a dramatic monologue, which is a poemthat is read as if on stage, talking to an audience or character in aplay. This method of writing has been used because the poem wants to apply wizard perspective, the Dukes, in an effective manner. By usingthis technique, Browning is also silencing the antagonist, theDuchess, and becoming the protagonist. The rhyme scheme consists ofrhyming couplets, which give the poem a awareness of order, and make thespeaker, the Duke in this case, seem well educated and in control oftheir emotions and actions.These methods of writing help show the character of the protagonistand the way he viewed the traditions during the prim times.There are two different views in which this poem can be interpreted,the Marxist, and the feminist. The Marxist view interprets the poem asif the Duke thinks of everything as his object, and the feminist stall makes the Duke look as if he doesnt trea t the Duchess as heshould.The Dukes personality is revealed by different aspects in the poem,for example the rhyming scheme, rhyming couplets, makes the poem flowmore easily, which leaves no gaps for interruption. This shows theDukes love of being the centre of attention and being in control. The Duke also shows this keenness of control when he says the blushing mushroomingis of my last Duchess, showing he treated her as just anotherarticle in his collection of art. The Duke also mentions Fr Pandolphin his dialogue with the counts servant, showing he is proud ofthe painting he has of the Duchess and he is showing off about havinga great artist to paint this picture that he calls a wonder. How... ...round theabuses and unhealthy attainment of material goods in the Victoriansociety. The Duke is shown to be a very materialistic person in theway he speaks of the Duchess as if she were an object he had acquiredinstead of a loving wife.I saidFr Pandolph by designThis shows the Dukes ma terialism, because he is showing off abouthaving such a good artist paint a picture of his last Duchess. TheDuke also takes innocent, worthless things, to us, like hisnine-hundred-years-old come across, which she, according to the Duke, tookfrom him like it was anything else she had been given before by a man.Near the end of the poem, the Dukes love of control and materialismis summed up in one passage, in which he thinks himself as a powerfulGod taming a beautiful, excitable animalNotice Neptune, though,Taming a seahorse, thought a rarity.

Baz Lurhman Essay

In 1594 William Shakespeare wrote the play Romeo and Juliet, probably one of his most famous plays. This play was directed at an Elizabethan audition. Since then it has been shown at most theatres and cinemas for the middle-aged, educated people, a good example of this was Franco Zefferellis have in 1968. This version was a tradition Shakespeare format, it was leaded in an Italian city, Verona, in the 16th century with all the tralatitious clothing and language. However, Baz Luhrmanns 1996 movie William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet is a very accessible version of the play.His adaptation of Shakespeares classic story has been mixed with a modern day society with guns and drugs but still using the Elizabethan English. He updated almost everything in his film to extract the younger audience. He was trying to achieve a box-office success and in my panorama, and many others he did succeed in his attempt in many ways. In the opening sequence the audience would immediately k at one time that the film was directed at the younger audience and had been updated to the twenty-first century, as it starts off with a blank television, this immediately shows the audience it is an updated version as the television is a 20th century invention.The camera zooms towards the TV and as it does a female intelligence operation stateer gives a vivid account of what is happening and what to expect in the plot, yet to unfold. She is a middle aged woman of Caribbean culture and has the ability to innovate her narrative in a clear diction. This also shows the audience the film has been updated because up until 25 years ago the black race were a second class race across countries and in Shakespeares time the black race would not have been in one of his plays. The soundtrack starts to play, and as it does it tells the audience that the film is action packed.It starts to play after the prologue has finished being read by the news reader and whilst it is playing the camera zooms into the TV it becomes distorted. There are then quick flashes of the scenes to come in the film, flashes of police helicopters, police, high rised buildings for the modern audience, they would immediately be familiar with the city and shows an older audience it not their type of film. The symphony becomes louder to give the film a dramatic effect, this makes the film intense.The audience is then shown skyscrapers that are topped by the trade names, Capulet and Montague, this reinforces the conflict between the two families. The audiences now know that this not fair Verona in Italy but fictionalised Verona Beach in America. The camera then pans out on the city. Pete Postlewaite, an English Shakespearian actor starts to read the prologue this shows that Baz Lurhanne chose his cast very autoefully, he chose Pete Postlewaite to give the film more of a Shakespeare effect, as he does theres flashes of newspaper articles, intersperse of pictures and newspaper headlines of families arguments .He then introduces the families as they would in an American cop series, it shows a family member with their names below their picture, this shows the audience that the families arent noblemen from the 16th century but 21st century business/gangster/mafia men. Some characters had been updated as well as their names, for example, the Prince is now Captain Prince of Verona Beach police department. The cast were chosen to attract younger audiences Leonardo DiCaprio and Claire Danes play the star-crossed lovers Romeo and Juliet, the rest of the players consist of an all star cast.Then the audience are introduced to the Montague boys as they are driving in a top muscle American car down a typical American highway. They have modern haircuts and tattoos this also shows the audiences this is a more modernised film. The audience then see them go into a gas station the audience is then introduced to the Capulets as they pull into the gas station also, the whole scene is morose into a spaghe tti western spoof this gives the film a comedy effect.As the Capulets get out from their car there are close ups of the Cuban heeled boots and when the bit starts between the Montagues and Capulets this is when the western effect starts. The close ups of one of the Capulets golden teeth, this is also typical Clint Eastwood effect. The slow motion dives and even the swinging sign at the gas station is also the spaghetti western effect. However the film has more updates through out the play such as the party that the Capulets have, the drug taking, car chases, alcohol and the famous balcony scene of Romeo and Juliet is moved to a swimming pool.These are all modernised updates and would not have been in a Shakespeare play. In my opinion Baz Luhrmann shows a good adaptation of William Shakespeares well-known love story. He successfully keeps the impact and the meaning of the plot while still portraying the traditional and original style. Despite Romeo and Juliet being a traditional pla y, Luhrmann makes his version stylised to attract younger audiences, making Shakespeare appeal to a wider range of people.It is clear that Baz Luhrmanns intentions were to make the film as if Shakespeare was directing and focusing it on people in the 20th century. By using modern music and sound effectuate as well as incorporating young modern actors, Baz Luhrmann portrays this in the film very well. Luhrmann set out to achieve a successful block-buster and I in person think he did achieve this and in many other peoples opinion also. However many people may diagree because it is not traditonal enough for a Shakespeare play.

DDT and Pesticides Directions

American School of Guatemala Secondary SectionDate 08/31/2012 APESTrimester 1 Activity 1- dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and Pesticides Directions read carefully each statement and answer it. Watch the following video dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and Pesticides, and write a short reflection paragraph nearly the topic. If you want to see again this video, you can find it on the following direction. http//www. youtube. com/watch? v=LQ64sV0nSVU This video shows how DDT was used in the world to process humans. Later on people started to notice that this pesticide was very strong that was able to kill plagues and insects rapidly that they started using DDT even more.Even though it was helpful in most way it was a standardised harmful. It was harmful because it had a chemical that was not bonding and was the one that made the harmful changes like in frogs that had 5 legs and in humans the harm that was caused was that it created cancer and mutations on people like the boy that wa s born without eyes. DDT may change in a way some peoples life but it really affects humans and their genes. Go to the following plough and watch Biocides Rachel Carson. http//www. youtube. com/watch? v=vbtp2B-IFmw. Go to the following address and DDT Weapon Against Disease Documentary Film (1945) http//www. outube. com/watch? v=RmeqHs4svbQ and write a short paragraph for the most important aspects covered on the video. In the video above it shows the creation of DDT. This particular product is characterized by a white insecticide and was formulated in many forms, it tells that DDT is taseless and some odourless. It was first created in 1874 and used with great success during World War II in order to control malaria and thyphus within civilians and U. S troops. DDt was also used in agricultural insecticide and later its production. It shows how people were taking advantage of DDT without knowing the harm it would cause.On the following address http//www. naturalnews. com/DDT. htm l you would be find some articles about DDT and its relation with human health. Choose two articles, read it write a short paragraph. Study shows DDT to be toxic to nervous systems of babies This article talks about how Africa used DDT to fight malaria spread by mosquitos. It tells how a link between chemicals and the development delays in infants that were in utero when their mother were exposed. An important fact is that despite that DDT was transferred by breast milk, children who were breast feeding developed more normally even though the mother had senior high levels of DDT.It proves that it is not clear that DDT has ever killed anyone but they are still investigating DDT s effects on humans. high-pitched levels of DDT still present in fish Waters in the U. S still possess high levels of DDT contamination. This shows that the pesticide is still found with high levels in fish caught near Los Angeles area. It is also told that its associated with increase risk of liver cancer, and affect the human reproductive and nervous systems, and toxic to many animals, in particular aquatic life. All this means that the amount of DDT in fish has not decreased by the last years.It concludes with how many companies have released a largish quantity of DDT in water systems. On the following address http//www. epa. gov/aboutepa/history/topics/ddt/01. html you would be find some articles about DDT and its relation with human health. Choose two articles, read it write a short paragraph (Just Read) A sweet relaxing time for you on this weekend, if you like the video games go to the following direction and play it. Write your score. http//www. mofunzone. com/online_games/pest_attack. shtml 7,500 Vocabulary write the definitions. BioaccumulationThe accumulation of a substance, such as toxic chemical, in variant tissues of a living organism. Takes place within an organism when the rate of intake of a substance is greater than the rate of excretion or metabolic sack of that substance. Biomagnification The increasing concentration of a substance, such as a toxic chemical, in the tissues of organisms at successively higher levels in a food chain, As a result of biomagnification, organisms at the top of the food chain generally suffer great harm from a persistent toxin or pollutant than those at turn away levels Example of the DDT on food chain

Ap Bio Work

Label the seven repertories illustrated here, and give a different example of each. Enter answer here Evolutionary Adoption Enter answer surround Response to the here Enter answer Order here Regulation Energy Processing Enter & Development Concept 1. 1 Themes connect the concepts of biology 2. What are emergent properties? Give two examples. Properties that are not present at the preceding level. Reproduction 3. Life is aimd on many scales. foresee 1. 4 zooms you in from viewing Earth from space every(prenominal) the way to the level of molecules. As you study this figure, choose the correct label for each picture. Exosphere ecosystem ell existence organelle community tissue molecule population 4. Our study of biology will be organized around recurring themes. Make a list here of the themes that are presented, and give an example that illustrates each theme. Watch for these themes throughout your study this entire year. This will help you see the big picture and organize your th inking. (Go to the Summary of Key Concepts at the end of the chapter for a concise look at the themes. ) Theme 1 Example Organisms Interact with other organisms and the Physical surround The leaves of a tree, for example, absorb light from the sun, Theme 2Life requires energy transfer and transformation Theme 3 Theme 4 A essential characteristic of living organisms is their use of energy to carry out vitalitys activities. Theme 5 Theme 6 Theme 7 (Find it in 1. 2. ) Concept 1. 2 The Core Theme Evolution accounts for the unity and diversity of life 5. Life is organized into groups. Study Figure 1. 14. Which level contains the greatest diversity of organisms? The least? 6. Taxonomy is the class of biology that names and classifies organisms. Because of new molecular information, in that respect have been many changes in placement of certain groups in recent years.Notice that all life is straightway organized in your text into 3 domains rather than the 5 kingdoms you may have lar n earlier. Choose the kingdoms mentioned in the text in the space in a higher place the proper domain names shown here. Mammalian Protests 7. What two main points were articulated in Darnings The Origin of Species? 8. What did Darwin propose as the mechanism of evolution? Summarize this mechanism. be the two main types of scientific inquiry? Give an example of each. 10. What is the difference between deductive and inductive reasoning? Is either used by scientists? 1 1 .Distinguish between quantitative and qualitative data. Which type would be resented in a data chart and could be graphed? Which type is found in the bailiwick sketches made by Jane Goodwill? 12. In science, how do we define hypothesis? 13. A scientific hypothesis has two important qualities. The fore nigh is that it is testable. What is the second? 14. run into at Figure 1. 24. Use it to write a hypothesis using the If .. . Then .. . Format. 15. What is a controlled experiment? 16. The text points out a common mi sconception approximately the term controlled experiment. In the snake mimicry experiment, what factors were held constant? 7. Explain what is meant by a scientific theory by giving the three ship canal your text put togethers a theory from a hypothesis or mere speculation. Chapter 2 The Chemical Context of Life 2. 3. This chapter covers the basics that you may have learned in your chemistry class. The questions that follow should help you focus on the most important points. Matter element trace element neutron nuclear number atomic mass energy diametrical covalent sequester anion compound proton isotope electronegative action dynamic equilibrium essential element electron electron shells monopoly covalent draw hydrogen bond Concept 2. Matter consists of chemical elements in pure form and in combinations called compounds 1. What four elements make up 96% of all living matter? Concept 2. 2 An elements properties depend on the structure of its atoms 2. Below is a model of an at om of helium, correctly label the electrons, protons, neutrons, and atomic nucleus. 3. What is the atomic number of helium? Its atomic mass? 4. bet this entry in the periodic table for ampere-second. What is the atomic mass? Atomic number? How many electrons does carbon have? Neutrons? 5. What are isotopes? Use carbon as an example. 6.Explain radioactive isotopes and one medical application that uses them. 7. Which is the only subatomic particle that is directly involved in the chemical sections between atoms? 8. What is potential energy? 9. Explain which has more potential energy in each pair a. Boy at the top of a slide/boy at the bottom electron in the third energy shell the chemical behavior of an atom? B. electron in the first energy shell/ c. Water/glucose 10. What determines a. How many valence electrons does it have? B. How many protons does it have? Concept 2. 3 The formation and function of molecules depend on chemical bonding between atoms 12.Now, refer back to your def inition of a compound and fill in the following chart Molecule? (y/n) Compound? (y/n) Molecular radiation pattern Water Carbon dioxide Methane Structural Formula 02 13. What type of bond is seen in 02? Explain what this means. 14. Choose the correct labels for the electron distribution diagram of water. Which element is most electronegative? Molecule? Why is water considered a polar (This is a very important concept. Spend some time with this one ) 15. Another bond type is the ionic bond. Explain what is happening in the figure below (2. 14) 16. What two elements are involved above? 17.In the preceding example, which is the anion? 18. Indicate where the hydrogen bond occurs in this figure. Hydrogen 19. Here is a list of the types of bonds and interactions discussed in this section. On the chart hydrogen bonds, van cervid Walls interactions, covalent bonds, ionic bonds. Van deer Walls interactions 20. What is the biological importance of weak bonds? 21 . Use morphine and endorphins as examples to explain why molecular shape is crucial in biology. Concept 2. 4 Chemical reactions make and break chemical bonds 22. Write the chemical shorthand equation for photosynthesis. Label the reactants and the products. 23.For the equation you Just wrote, how many molecules of carbon dioxide are there? How many molecules of glucose? How many elements in glucose? Chapter 3 Water and the Fitness of the Environment polar molecule particularized heat solute pH cohesion evaporation deliquescent acid adhesion solvent hydrophobic base Concept 3. 1 The polarity of water molecules results in hydrogen bonding 1. Why is water considered polar? 2. How many hydrogen bonds can a single water molecule form? Concept 3. 2 Four emergent properties of water contribute to Earths fittingness for life Hydrogen bonding accounts for the unique properties of water. Lets look at several.Cohesion 3. What is demonstrated when you see beads of water on a waxed car detonating device? Calorie solution military . Which property explains the ability of a water strider to walk on water? Moderation of Temperature 5. Water has high specific heat. How does waters specific heat compare to alcohols? 6. Explain how hydrogen bonding contributes to waters high specific heat. 7. Summarize how waters high specific heat contributes to the moderation of temperature. How is this property important to life? 8. What is heat of vaporization? Explain at least three effects of this property on living organisms. Expansion upon Freezing 9. Ice bollocks upsSo what? Consider what would happen if ponds and other bodies of water accumulated ice at the bottom. Describe why this property of water is important. 10. Now, explain why ice floats. Why is ICC the little temperature in this story? Solvent of Life 1 1 . Consider coffee to which you have added sugar. Which is the solvent? The solute? 12. Explain why water is such a fine solvent. 13. You already know that some materials, such as olive oil, will not dissolve in water. In fact, oil will float on top of water. Explain this property in terms of hydrogen bonding. 14. Now, lets do a little work that will enable you to prepare solutions.Read the section on solute concentrations carefully, and show the calculations here for repairing a I-molar solution of sucrose. Steps to help you do this follow. The first step is done for you. Fill in the rest. Steps to prepare a solution a. Write the molecular formula. B. Use your periodic table to calculate the mass of each element. Multiply by the number of atoms of the element. (For example, O has a mass of 16. Therefore one mole of O has a mass of 16 x 11 = 176 g/mole. ) masses of each element in the molecule. C. Add the d. Add this mass of the compound to water to bring it to a volume of 1 liter.

Energy Drink and Alternative Beverages Essay

1. What are the strategically relevant components of the global and U. S. deglutition industry macro-environment? How do the frugal characteristics of the choice beverage segment of the industry disaccord from that of other beverage categories? Explain. SEGMENTATION The global grocery store for alternating(a) beverages was divided by increase type (sports discombobulates, cipher drinks, and vitamin-enhanced beverages) with diametrical demands for each(prenominal) group.Sports drinks accounted for nearly 60% of alternative beverage gross sales in 2009, while vitamin-enhanced drinks and energy drinks got about 23% and 18% of 2009 alternative beverage sales, respectively, in the US. RIVALRY The world big rival between three major producers (PepsiCo, Coca-Cola and bolshy Bull) do the industry rivalry become global. In U. S. , Pepsico has engulfed almost half or 47. 8% of the trade trades function 2009. The only region where Coca-Cola beats Pepsico is in Asia-Pacific. Coc a-cola has 13. 7% of the market divvy ups while Pepsico has 12. 4%.Worldwide, Pepsico is still leading among the three with 26. 5% of market shares while Coca-Cola and Red Bull had 11. 5% and 7%, respectively. MARKET SIZE The global beverage industrys vaulting horse value for beverages in 2009 was $1,581. 7 one thousand million (458. 4 billion liters) with 48. 2% of industry sales was from carbonated soft drinks, 29. 2% from bottle water, 4. 0% from sports drinks, 1. 6% flavored or enhanced water, and 1. 2% from energy drinks. The dollar value of global market for alternative beverages in the same year was $40. 2 billion (12. 7 billion liters), while the dollar value of the U.S. market for alternative beverages stood at $17 billion (4. 2 billion liters). Meanwhile, in Asia-Pacific region, the dollar value for alternative beverages in 2009 was $12. 7 billion (6. 2 billion liters) and it was $9. 1 billion (1. 6 billion liters) in the European market. MARKET GROWTH The dollar value of the global beverage industry had senescen around 2. 6% annually from 2005 to 2009 and was forecasted to grow approximately 2. 3% annually from 2010 to 2014. However, this indicator for the alternative beverage industry was much higher.For example, the dollar value of the global market for alternative beverages grew at a 9. 8% annually from 2005 to 2009, but was expected to slow down to 5. 7% annually from 2010 to 2014. Based on the geographic share of the alternative beverages market, U. S. largely covers 42. 3% of it while Asia-Pacific, Europe and Americas (excluding U. S. ) only cover 31. 5%, 22. 2% and 4% respectively. US is the country that has strongest growth internationally in terms of alternative beverage sales with a 84. 78% growth between 2005 and 2009 while Europe and Asia-Pacific are 22.97% and 24. 51%, respectively. However, poor economic conditions in the US in 2008 and 2009 led to a 12. 3% dec extraction in sports drink sales and a 12. 5% decline in flavored and vitamin-enhanced wet sales. It was besides the reason why energy drinks sales increased just a little of 0. 2% between those years. 2. What is competition like in the alternative beverage industry? Which of the five competitive forces is strongest? Which is weakest? What competitive forces seem to have the greatest effect on industry showyness and the potential profitability of smart entrants?In the beverage industry, competition can be extensive (large scale). There are many alleviation beverages from tea,soft drinks,fruit juices, and bottled water. Provided that there is a wide range of substitute beverages, this weakens the competitive power of substitute beverages when there comes a interchange to consumer preference. Because there is a large purchase for wholesale clubs, grocery stores, and convenience stores consumers have square influence in negotiations for pricing and slotting fees with the producers.Wholesale clubs and the likes find it difficult to represent new b rands collectible to limited shelf space.when products become a household foretell such as coca cola, red bull, etc already offer the demands of consumers. Coca Cola and PepsiCo are the least vulnerable when it comes to substitute products since they offer a wide range of variety beverages. The strongest competitive force is competitive rivalry within the industry, competition grows stronger by the year. The primary focus on brand image is lick to becoming a household name in the industry, Attractive packaging should be developed, New research and product development, Increase of distribution capabilities, Better try on and more variety.The Bargaining power and leverage of suppliers is the weakest competitive force, Consumers tend to buy more alternative products. The threat of new brands varies by market maturity of each alternative beverage category. Competition is strong and will continue on growing every year in the product line. Competition among all brands spunk mostly o n brand image, attractive packaging, new product and research development, sales promotion, better access to shelf space, and strengthening distribution capabilities.Rivals expands their numbers and types of alternative beverages in their product line, the opportunity for low switch cost for consumers gets introduced and sales efforts to establish consumers brand loyalty. 3. How is the market for energy drinks, sports drinks and vitamin-enhanced beverages changing? What are the underlying drivers of change and how might those forces individually or collectively make the industry more or less attractive? The market for energy drinks, sports drinks and vitamin-enhanced beverages is now changing due to the change in the long-term industry growth rate.Because of the US recession on the entire beverage industry the demand for the alternative beverages was expected to grow worldwide as the purchasing power of the consumers increased. The volume of the alternative beverages offered higher profit margin than those of other beverages. Product innovation, in terms of flavors and formulation, was the most master(prenominal) competitive feature of the alternative beverages. They struggled on the basis of differentiation from traditional drinks. This made the industry attractive because of the enhanced look and flavors that the company made.The modernization in marketing and distribution system changed the industry in the way that the beverages may be bought from convenience stores, restaurants, sporting events, delis, concerts, festivals, carnivals and vending machines. The industry was made more attractive because of the famous artists that the companies hire for advertisements. There was as well as an expansion of target markets, and an increase in new entrants, which made the industry seem appealing to others. The regulations and policies that the government enforced made the industry less attractive due to the products faults being exposed to the public.The growin g concern of people about health associated with their consumption also made the industry less attractive. For example, caffeine in energy drinks, mixture of alcohol and energy drinks, melatonine hormone in relaxation drinks, and use of Kava and unapproved valerian roots as food additives. The drivers of change, however, will unlikely alter the attractiveness of the alternative beverages for the next years because large producers of this industry would rely on product innovations and acquisitions to increase sales and market shares.But individual and collective effect of industry drivers of change will likely affect the attractiveness of the industry. 4. What does your strategic group map of the energy drinks, sports drink, and vitamin-enhanced beverage industry look like? Which strategic groups do you think are in the best positions? The vanquish positions? PepsiCo, Coca-Cola, Red Bull GmbH, and Hansen Natural stool are strategic groups that are in the best positions because they have already established a market position and they hold most of the market share in the alternative beverage industry.They also account for most of the sales in the industry and they have conquered not just US but also Europe and some parts of Asia and America. Living Essentials, Vacation in a Bottle, Dream Water or Drank are strategic groups that are in the worst positions. This is due to the small number of consumers that they have and policies implemented by the government hinder their expansion. Though Living Essentials lead the development of energy drinks, they did not grow their market thus other companies took advantage of the opportunity. 5.What key itemors determine the success of alternative beverage producers? The four key cistrons that determine the success of alternative beverage producers (1) access to distribution, (2) innovating product skills, (3) image, and (4) sufficient sales volume. The first one is access to distribution, which is regarded as the most imp ortant industry success factor due to the fact that most brands of energy drinks/alternative beverages cannot achieve good sales volumes and market shares unless they are widely available in stores, and there are also removed too many brands for all to be included on store shelves.Popular brands that enjoyed first mover advantages such as Red Bull and 5-Hour zip and brands offered by Coca-Cola and PepsiCo were assured of consistent access to distribution. The second factor is innovating product skills. By definition, alternative beverages were different from traditional beverages based upon product innovation. Moreover, continuing product innovations were essential to developing additional volume gains from line extensions and the entry into new categories like energy shots.The third one is image, which was also a critical factor in choosing a brand of customers. The image presented by the products name and emphasized in advertisements, endorsements, and promotions created demand for one brand over another. stag image was also a result of labels and packaging that alternative beverage consumer found appealing. Small producers with poor image building capabilities found it difficult to compete in the industry unless the product enjoyed a first-mover advantage similar to that achieved by 5-Hour Energy.Finally, sufficient sales volume to achieve scale economies in marketing expenditures is also an important driver. Successful alternative beverage producers were required to have sufficient sales volumes to keep marketing expenses at an acceptable cost per unit basis. 6. What recommendations would you make to Coca-Cola to improve its competitiveness in the global alternative beverage industry? to PepsiCo? to Red Bull GmbH? Coca Cola * Increase alternative beverage drink brand awareness in Europe and capture its market * Grow infrastructure in Africa.* Continue to budget and implement their 2020 vision corporate schema * Enhance product line and innovation Pepsi Co * Focus on current energy drink line * Continue to promote their tea and juice-energy lines * Offer different sized cans for current energy drink lines of No fear and Amp * Proceed to distribute Rockstar energy drinks and strengthen their alliance with them RedBull * Expand product line while focusing on market penetration in South America * Branch out with additional lines of alternative beverages * Continue to promote brand.

All Agreements Are Contracts Essay

1. IntroductionDear students, welcome to the lecture series on Business Regulatory Frame Work. Today we argon going to treat the Indian Contr identification number exertion 1872. Before I start my discussion on the sign, I would wish well to make you aw ar that the Indian Contract strike 1872 came enforced on the 1st day of the September 1872. It is applicable to whole of the country except the State Jammu & Kashmir. The course related to the police force of nature is designed to sacrifice the knowledge to the student so that they are acquaint with the general principles of the law. As you know in our day to day life we come across proceeds of captures plainly we are non aware about them. When we board a bus or when we go to see a movie or we pull in away book to our friend or when we are depositing the luggage in the railway clock room, the law comes in the word picture without go steadying the law we depart non be able to chthonicstand what are the rights and the obligation granted to the individuals. The quarryive of this course is to provide a brief idea about the throw off work of the Indian Business Law.2. Agreement and Contractat once we result start our discussion on the Indian Contract Act. First of all we should understand what is a read? Apart from the legal definition if we generally understand the word Contract because we can set up that a direct comes into the picture when thither is an accord and when the savvy pose enforceable it produce a crusade. There are twain words Agreement and Contract. What is an balance? Agreement itself comes in the picture when there is an crevice and acceptance. Now once again if we go into the details of this continue and acceptance past we find that offer is an expression of the desire by whiz ships company in front of the other party to do something or not to do something is an offer. Suppose A says to the B that I would like to sell my car to you in fifty thousand rupees, r esult you buy? Now here A is expressing his desire to the B to sell his car so that B buys it. So offer has to be there and in that offer if there is an acceptance then(prenominal) it becomes an agreement and suppose in the same mannikin B says that YES he would like to Page 1 of 9buy the car of the A then it becomes an agreement. Now when there is anoffer and acceptance in a contract it becomes an agreement.So subsequently studying oranalysing how agreement comes into the picture we move on to understand what is a contract? Now to reach at the level of the contract we withstand to add or we have to incorporate enforceability into it, the law says that until and unless an agreement is not enforceable, it cannot become a contract and to make it enforceable we have to add to certain essentials of a valid contract which are explained in the Section-10 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872.Withoutenforceability it allow scarcely remain an agreement it cannot become a contract. So in ot her words we can say to reach at the level of the contract we moldiness have on the one hand agreement and on the other hand we must have enforceability into it and then it provide reach at the level of the contract or it go out become a contract. If I say all agreements are not contract but all contracts are agreement because all agreement cannot reach at the stage of the contract because if an agreement is not enforceable in spite of having number of the element of enforceability into it. If it is lacking one element of enforceability, it cannot reach the stage of the contract.Now just to make it a rattling simple. If I say that you are the student of the B.Com grammatical constituent-I and if I say that you will become a graduate one day, there is no certainty into it. A student in the part 1 will definitely be a graduate there is no certainty because he may drop the studies in between or he may decide to diverge but whomsoever is a graduate or if a student is a B.Com then au tomatically I will say that he has completed B.Com. Part I. So a student who is B.Com Part I need not to be necessarily be a graduate one day but whomsoever is a graduate was definitely was in B.Com Part I.Meaning thereby, if I relate, B.Com Part 1, with anagreement and B.Com itself, with a contract. There is a gap between the two like an agreement has to be converted into the contract with enforceability.We had to add the essential elements in a contract and then it will become a contract. in like manner a student has to pass B.Com Part I, he has to pass B.Com Part II and then he has to pass B.Com Part III or the terminal year examination then he will become a graduate. If somewhere in between if he leaves the studies or quit the studies, he cannot become a graduate. So we can say all contracts are agreement but all agreements are not contract.3. Definitions of Agreement and ContractNow I would like to give you the definition of the contract which have been defined in the law. Th e term contract is defined in section 2(h) of the Indian Contract Act which reads as underAn Agreement enforceable by law is a contract.Now if we analyse the definition we find that whatever I have explained to you earlier is covered in this definition and if we go by the definition of agreement assumption in the section 2(e) Every promise and every engraft of promises is forming the favor for each other is an agreement.Now if we analyse thisdefinition and I have explained it earlier that agreement or the promise consist of two things offer and acceptance. Let us see the some definition given by the thinkers. Definition given by Mr. Polak Every agreement and promise enforceable at law is a contract and Sir Salmond has defined a contract is an agreement creating and defining obligation between the parties. If we analyse the definition given by towering jurist and the definition given in the Indian Contract Act, we reach on this conclusion that to make an agreement enforceable an d then we can estimate into a contract. Now the question arises that what are those things which can make an agreement enforceable in the eye of law. Since, we have studied the portion of the agreement very well, that it is made up of two things offer and acceptance. Offer is the expression of the desire by the one party in front of the other party to give an assent and acceptance is the assent given on the offer. 4. Enforceability in an AgreementNow we will move on to the points which bring the enforceability in the agreement and if the enforceability is added it is include it will constitute along with an agreement it will constitute a contract. The first and foremost point which we had discussed is that there has to be an offer and there has to be an acceptance. As you know very well that without two parties or more than two parties we cannot enrol into a contract. So in a contract there has to be more than two parties and one party will make an offer to the other party. The ot her party will give an acceptance on it. This is the fundamental essential to convert or to bring the enforceability in agreement. The second important essential element is that there has to be a big bear between both the parties. Now this particular word free consent is made up of two words consent and it should be free.As I mentioned that each element will be dealt by me later on in keen detail therefore I am providing you the brief trigger of these elements. The consent is the meeting of the mind and both the parties agree upon the same thing in a same sense it is tell that there is a consent. only it will be free provided it is not caused by or provided the consent is not obtained by cohesion, undue influence, role player and dissimulation. In very simple pull out I will explain coercion meaning thereby if one party forcibly compelling the other party to enter into the contract it is said that coercion has been applied on the other party. For example A by threatening to kill him enters into a contract with him it is said that A has entered into a contract with the B by coercion.Undue influence, whenever there is undueinfluence, one party is always in a stronger position and other party is always at a weaker position. The stronger party morally pressurised the weaker party to enter into the contract and weaker party enters into the contract without the free will. It is said the undue influence has been exercised. What is the fraud? The fraud agency when one party intentionally or deliberately or with the intention to cheat the other party, to deceive the other party, enters into the contract it is said that fraud has beenexercised by the party and misrepresentation meaning thereby, a statement which is not true but the party making it believe it to be true it is said that misrepresentation have taken place so if we have got the four element if the consent is called by these four element it is said that it is not a free consent and contract enter i nto by the party without free consent even not having enforceability remember we are now dealing with those point which will bring the enforceability with the agreement so that it become a contract.We are here studying the point which will take the agreement to the contract. These points I am discussing, again I am repeating in very very brief manner. The some other point which is very important to bring the enforceability is the parties should be suitable to enter into the contract. Without going into the details if we say all parties are competent to enter into the contract except the three parties, if we exclude these three parties from the agreement there will be enforceability sothat agreement will become a contract and these parties are if the contract is enter into by the minors and minor is a soulfulness who is not having age of 18 if the contract has been enter into by the person of unsound mind it is said that it is not enforceable he is not competent to enter into the contract and if the people debar by law if they enter into the contract since they do not have capacity to enter into the contract it cannot become a contract and they dont have capacity to enter into the contract. indeed if we say, if these three people are present in any agreement that agreement cannot become a contract and except these three people if any person enter into the contract that agreement will have enforceability.5. legitimate Object and ConsiderationNow I move on to another(prenominal) point that is known as the aspiration of the agreement should be lawful and the devotion which is given should also be lawful. There are two things, object of the contract should be lawful as well as the consideration given to achieve the object should also be lawful. First of all I will take up what do we mean by consideration. Consideration the law says is that something in exchange like if you go to the market to buy 1 kg sugar you give 35 rupees to the shopkeeper and the shopke eper gives you 1kg sugar.For the shopkeeper, 35rupees is a consideration and for you, sugar is a consideration. So there is an exchange between the two parties therefore there has to be a consideration but the consideration should be lawful and object of the contract should also be lawful. Now law says what is lawful object? and what is lawful consideration? In the Law has not defined in a positive manner, law have defined that what is vile. If the law says if any object and consideration does not fall within these lines then it is automatically lawful object and lawful consideration.Meaningthereby, we go negatively to explain what is the lawful object? And what is the lawful consideration? Now suppose, A says to the B that if you will kill the C I will give fifty thousand rupees. Now in this example when A says to the B to kill the C, the object is not lawful as well as the consideration which is pertinacious to kill the C is also not lawful. Therefore the object of the contract should be lawful but I will mention certain points which are declared by the law that they are treated as unlawful therefore they are not applicable or they dont have any validity in the eye of law. Number one is If it is deceitful the object of the contract is to do some fraud then it will be treated as the object of the contract is not lawful. For example if A, B and C together decide and cheat the D they make a plan to cheat D or to play a fraud with the D it is unlawful and object of the A, B and C of the plan is unlawful.6. Objects Forbidden by LawIf the object of the contract is require by law, when we say it is forbidden by law meaning thereby the law does not permit that if the object of the contract is forbidden by law then it will not be treated as a point of enforceability in an agreement. For example if A having a livingmarried wife enters into a contract to marry another lady. Now here in this example the object of the contract is forbidden by law and if we dwell upon we will find that it is scripted in the Hindu law that a person if he is having a married wife living with him cannot marry the another lady. So if the object is forbidden by either by the law or by the state legislation or by the Central Government if they have enacted any law and if it is forbidden and if we try to enters into a contract which is forbidden by law that will be treated as unlawful object.The next point in the unlawful object andconsideration is that if the object is permitted it will defeat the provisions of the some other law and if we take the example we find that suppose in a company it is mentioned that a person if he comes to attend a meeting he will be given 125 rupees for example as a remuneration to attend the meeting and 25 rupees as a allowance. Now if we are giving the allowance with an intention to evade the income tax then it will be treated that object of giving the 25 rupees with an intention of evading the income tax then we can say here also the ob ject of the contract is not lawful and if it is injurious to the other party.If two parties enter into the contract to injure somebody that object is also unlawful and if the object of the contract is immoral. Now the definition of the morality will depend upon the standard of the society but yet if we are promoting the prostitution, that is considered as to be an immoral and if the two parties enters into the contract which promotes the prostitution, that object of the contract is also unlawful but last but not the least heading in the unlawful object and consideration is that it should not be against the globe policy. Now public policy is a very wide term. Public policy has been defined by differentis always a situational. steep jurist in different manner itWhatever is suitable according to the standard of thesociety can be included in the heading of the public policy. We sometime call it that public policy is unruly horse. We can include any heading in the public policy. Like, f or example recently the Supreme judicatory has given a judgement in which they have specifically mentioned that no construction activity will take place in Bombay and other part of the country after 10 Oclock in the night. Now this decision has been given in the interest of the public policy. If you recall there is a judgement that during the Navratras the dandiyas are not allowed after 10 oclock in certain states except Gujarat because the Gharba is the festival of the Gujarat. Dandiya is played during that particular period with the great enthusiasm in the Gujarat because it has got an origin in the Gujarat. It originated from the Gujarat.So except Gujarat the Dandiyas will not be played in other part of the country after 10 oclock. This decision is given in the interest of the public policy. So public policy is a very wider term. Yet we have decided certain heads which are included in the public policy. First is trading with enemy, second is trafficking in the public offices, t hird is interference with administration of justice, fourth is married couple brokerage contracts, fifth is agreement tending to create interest oppose to duty, sixth agreement in restrain of parental right, seventh agreement curb personal liberty and the last but not the least is the agreement to commit a crime. So the object of the contract should be lawful and in this point we had studied that what is lawful and it has not been explained but what is unlawful it has been explained.7. Agreement should not be Declared VoidNow we move on to another element which bring the enforceability in an agreement.The heading of that element is that an agreement should not bespecifically declared void. In the law of contract there are certain agreements which are declared by law that they are the void and they cannot be at any rate be converted into the contract and as we know void agreementsare the void from the very beginning.They cannot be converted into the contract, they are notenforceabl e they have no value in the eye of law. Now for your convenience I will mention the headings of the void agreements.The first and the foremost isagreements by person who are not competent to contract (Section-11), agreement under a mutual mistake of fact material to agreement (Section-20), agreement with unlawful consideration or object (Section-23), agreement, the consideration or object of which is unlawful in part (Section-24), agreements without consideration (Section-25), agreement in restrain of marriage (Section-26), agreements in restraint of trade (Section-27), agreements in restrain of legal legal proceeding (Section-28), agreement, the meaning of which is uncertain (Section29), wagering agreement (Section-30) and agreement to do impossible act (Section-56). If we look at the list we find that any agreement which is falling under these categories or under any of these categories will be known as the void agreement it cannot be converted into the contract.If I move on to a notherelement of the enforceability and that is the agreement must be certain. When we say the agreement must be certain meaning thereby when offer is made to another party it should have the element of certainty. It should not be weigh. The acceptor or the promisee should not derive the different meaning out of it or it should not be confusing also. For example if A says to the B that he would like to sell the fifty tins of the oil. Now this offer by A to the B is uncertain. It is not giving meaning, which oil he would like to sell to B. Is he would like to sell the coconut oil or he would like to sell the mustard oil. He has not mentioned it, therefore, inagreement which is expressed or agreement which is given to the other party should be certain and the last point to bring the enforceability is known as that performance of the agreement should not be impossible. For a very simple example if a girl says to a boy that you bring the stars from the sky and then I will marry you.It i s impossible act.It can not be converted into thecontract it is lacking the enforceability because we know we can not bring the stars from the sky. If A says to the B that I will give you 1 lakh rupees if you join the two parallel lines, we know two parallel lines do not meet. some otherexample is if A says to B that he will show the B the hidden treasure by magic then it is also an impossible act because by magic we cannot show the hidden treasure. Therefore, these are the elements which has been explained to you if they are available in toto, if they are available as it is in an agreement then it will become a contract.If one single essential element of this is absent or oneessential element of the valid contract is absent or missing then it cannot become a contract that agreement will simply remain an agreement because it is lacking one of the essential element of enforceability. Therefore to reach at the level of the contract we have to fulfil all these requirements.Therefore we say allcontracts are agreement but all agreements are not contract because to travelat the stage of the contract, to reach at the stage of the contract we had to have these elements.

Two Gentlemen in Verona

The Abasement of The Upper Class Most people have a predetermined idea of the levels of a friendly hierarchy. They presume that the fastness class is noble, proper and educated while the tear down class is of the opposite the lower class work for the upper class and olibanum potentiometernot possibly exceed the caliber of the upper class. Shakespe be upends this predetermined notion by utilizing the characters to convey a strong sense of graphic symbol reversal throughout The 2 Gentlemen of Verona.This intent reversal upsets the stereotypical neighborly hierarchy and strongly suggests that the upper class may not be as highly esteemed as they are perceived to be. Loyalty is an underlying theme throughout the play. Symbols of loyalty prompt the reader to not only compare the loyalty of a considerations family relationship with an upperclassmans relationship but also conclude that this comparison often leads to the degradation of the upper class characters. genus genus Prote us refers to himself as spaniel-like (4. 2. 4) in Act 4 however his actions show that he is the direct opposite of what a spaniel, or a dog, should be like. Judging from his fickle actions of suddenly travel in love with Silvia after swearing to remain faithful to Julia, Proteus is unable to have nearly as much loyalty as a spaniel should have. Thus one can conclude that Proteus is not nearly as loyal as a dog. His condemnable actions lead to an humiliation of the upper class and gives means to the idea that the aristocratic arent as respectable as they seem to be.The relationship between Lance and Crab can be compared to Proteus and Julia. Lance, the servant has an unusually loyal and selfless relationship with his dog, Crab. It is interesting to note that Lance seems to be more loyal or give to Crab, than his dog is to him. In fact, Lance even takes the blame and beating for his dog when Crab his caught a pissing (4. 4. 1) under the table. This loyalty can be compared to Prote us and Julia in that Lances selflessly devoted relationship with Crab is a parody of the despicably unfaithful relationship Proteus has with Julia.The reversed relationship between Lance and Crab also gives way to a new and important idea for the rest of the play. Upon closer inspection, one can see that the master, in this case Lance resembles the characteristics of a loyal servant, which should be the role played by Lances dog, Crab. The unusual reversal of roles that this master and its dog should have, gives way to a recurring idea prominent throughout the rest of the play, that the characteristics of the lower class and upper class are interchanged. upper and Lance are two servants who follow to be servants of two deeply in-love masters. In Act 3 Scene 1, Lance claims that he too, is in love and reveals a amount of which he has write down the merits of his lady. Typically, one should assume that this list coming from an uneducated servant, should not exhibit a great(p) am ount of depth or critical opinion however this list surprises the reader in its logicality and wittiness, and in addition, reinforces the idea of the switching of hierarchal roles. Items on Lances list exhibit great practicality such as She can sew (3. . 298) and She can wash and scour (3. 1. 329). Lance also cleverly transforms flaws into virtues when he describes that She hath more hair than wit, or that she is jr. than she is intelligent and more fault than hairs, or more flaws than she is young and more wealth than faults (3. 3. 3) which amalgamates to that she is wealthier than flawed since that word (wealth) makes the faults gracious because Lance understands that in real life, level of wealth is a highly influential, and possibly ultimate deciding factor in marriage or a relationship.The realistic and practical nature of the list shows the maturity and intelligence of Lance, which begs to question the nature of the picturesque but fickle and unsustainable nature of the love affairs of the masters, Valentine and Proteus. This once again reiterates the role reversal of social hierarchy and through the sensibleness of Lance and shows that the upper class may not be as mental as they are perceived to be. There are also other smaller remarks in scenes that support the notion that a role reversal suggests the idea that aristocrats may not be as intellectual as them seem to be.For example, in Act 2 Scene 1, when Valentine is reunited with his love, Silvia Speed provides several asides in which he mockingly says a million of ingenuity (2. 1. 95) in response to Valentine greeting Silvia with a thousand good morrows (2. 1. 93-4). In this series of asides, the audience can see that the servant is sensibly depreciative the absurdity of his masters love for Silvia. An encounter in Act 3 Scene 1 between the Duke and Valentine also pokes at a role reversal when the Duke, perhaps the character with the highest social class throughout the novel, seeks advice on h ow to court (3. . 85) his lover, from Valentine a relatively subordinate character. It is arguable that the Duke only asked Valentine for advice as a part of his scheme to figure out how Valentine has been courting his own daughter, Silvia. However, if one tactile propertys at the scene and context secluded from the ulterior intentions, the mere act of a superior asking an inferior for advice heavily suggests that the role reversal of characters in The Two Gentlemen of Verona and ultimately, that the aristocratic, or Duke, is not as almighty and wise as he is assumed to be.Finally, perhaps the most prominent manifestation of role reversal and the abasement of aristocrats lies in the exchange between Valentine and Speed. Throughout the beginning half of the play, Valentine disapproves Proteuss love for Julia and claims that by staying at home with Julia, Proteus will have homely wits (1. 1. 2) and wear out his youth with shapeless groundlessness (1. 1. 8). However during Act 2 Scen e 1, Valentine is criticized by Speed, for the negative effects that he has brought upon himself as a force of his love for Silvia.Speed not only brings direction to the fact that only recently did Valentine chide at Sir Proteus for going ungartered (2. 1. 70) but also has somewhat become blinded by love. During Speeds honoring of Valentines state in Act 2 Scene 1, Speed condemns Valentine who now walks alone like one that had the pestilence (2. 1. 21) as a result of being in love with Silvia, when Valentine used to walk like one of the lions (2. 1. 27). As a result of being metamorphosed with a mistress (2. 1. 29-30), when Speed look on you Valentine, I Speed can hardly think you my master (2. . 30-1). This exchange radiates the idea that Speed sees things that Valentine is unable to as well as the idea that Speed is wiser and more intellectual than his superior, Valentine. The latter part of the scene where Speed claims that Valentines lover, Silvia, is actually not so fair(2. 1. 51) accentuates both Speeds salutary and knowledgeable as well as Valentines increasingly dull and inferior characters. When Valentine questions Speeds observation of Silvias beauty, Speed cleverly notes that Because Love is blind (2. 1. 8), Valentine is unable to see the ugliness of Silvia. In this brief exchange, Valentine and Speed play instead, the inferior and superior roles respectively as Speed lectures Valentine on this love-blind issue. Valentines aristocratic character is degraded as Speed didactically enlightens Valentine on the effects of love that he is unable to see. It is questionable that because a colossal portion of Shakespeares audience was of middle and lower class, he conveyed a sense of abasement of the upper class in The Two Gentlemen of Verona.Thus it can be argued that he utilized this theme as a way to provide pleasure for the audience of his work. Nonetheless, through the various exchanges between master and servant, and servant to servant, one can se e that the stereotypical roles of the characters are not congruent with their actual characteristics. Lances relationship with his dog both parodies Proteus and Julia and allows the theme of role reversal to manifest itself in their unusual relationship.Lances practical list of merits provides a sense of integrity and high intellectual capability for other members of the lower class. The Duke and Valentine suggests a role reversal and finally, Speeds didactic observation of Valentines chronic love blindness allows the audience to see the dullness of the upper class and quick wit of lower class. All these examples amalgamate to a reinforced idea that the roles of the upper class and lower class may be reversed and that the upper class are not nearly as intelligent and esteemed as they are perceived to be.

Letter of Intent for College of Medicine Essay

I am Emillie Grace D. Tombucon, registered nurse and soon working as a staff nurse of Northern Palawan Provincial Hospital. I am physical composition you this letter to express my great intent to pursue my Graduate Studies at your esteemed University for the prestigious medical checkup Course.The University of Perpetual Help- Dr Jose Tamayo Medical University (UPH-DJGT) is my first choice in pursuing my dream. I believe that one of the primaeval ingredients to be a sucessful and effective professional is the right ethical value and beliefs. The strong Christian values inculcated in the quality education of the University inspires me the most in realizing my aspiration to be a good physician.It was my childhood dream to be a doctor. I remembered that my Mom was very proud when I ended my expression in Kindergarden Graduation that it was my dream . Years gone by, I finished my Bachelors Degree in Nursing, my arrest want me to continue my studies to Medical School, still I immed iately worked both in the clinical and academician field of nursing. I a analogous finished my Masters Degree in Nursing this last April, 2013, but I felt that I need to expand my horizons through continued education.After five years of working as a nurse clinician and educator, Ive experienced a lot things which contributed to my knowledge, skills and attitude as a proficient nurse and a community servant. I chose to work in government infirmary and institutions so that I can serve my fellow Palawenos. Having been exposed to the rural community areas, Ive intimate that there are inadequacies in the health workforce specially in the medical field. I also want to enhance my personal, intellectual and social skills thru the quality education your University offers. Thus I decided to in conclusion realizing my dream and the first step is to enroll in a topnotch learning institution like UPH-DJGT Medical University. It would a great honor to be a part of UPH-DJGT family. I know tha t I can be a good contribution to the University. Hoping for your kind consideration. Thank you very much and more than power

McDonalds Video Advertisement Essay

This paper analyzes the rhetorical features of one particular telly advertisement (2010 see Reference arguing for details) that was issued on the internet by the multinational burger company McDonalds. It now circulates on the internet with and without the English subtitles. The subtitled text edition of the advert is a real sketch nine lines long, followed by the single tag line scratch as You atomic number 18 and the full text is given below at App abrogateix 1. Hill and Helmers (2008, pp. 51-53) draw off how a video uses a particular type of persuasion c all tolded visual argument which is rhetorical rather than logical or dialectical.The medium is very compressed and this does not allow full exposition of claim, argument, re alonetal, etc but on the other fade the visual aspect l abrogates a sense of immediacy which written text does not have. They warn, however, that the apparent advantage of seeing rather than reading is partly illusory, since the images presented are highly unified and filtered so as to present a particular viewpoint. In their terminology the McDonalds advert would fall into the kin of didactic narrative.The target market for McDonalds products is generally youthful families and teenagers. The opening shots set a stab which is familiar to this group a meddling and noisy McDonalds restaurant with many smiling faces. A spawn waits to be served while a son sits at a formica table and talks on his mobile telephone while looking at a photograph. Across the world, in France as healthful as in other countries, this is a regular occurrence and will resonate with both older and younger viewers who see themselves in the father or son role.The determinecode in the video is occasional and cool as evidenced by the beanie hat wearied by a customer, and the hoodie worn by the boy who talks. This is typical of styles popular with young urban males. At first it looks interchangeable a mainstream father and son, where the son talks t o someone romantically on his cellphone. The person on the other end of the telephone is neither seen nor heard and one just assumes out of habit that this person is female. Lines 1-4 are intercommunicate by the boy. The father arrives and lines 5-9 are spoken by the father.As the father quizzes the boy and makes a parity with himself, the facial expression of the boy makes it clear that the father is not aware of a crucial difference between them the boy is homo. The Tag line which is presented on a plain screen at the end just before the McDonalds logo Come as you are tacitly acknowledges that spate are different, and extends a wel count to all kinds of people. It does not matter whether they are older or younger, gay or straight, they should tranquillize come to McDonalds and eat together.The claim, or main issue which the video presents is that diversity is a good thing, and people should be welcome regardless of their sexual orientation. There is no explicit verbal argume nt to seat this up, but the story presents the gay son in a favourable light. This is done by photographic camera angles that focus on his face, and the choice of an attractive young French male actor dressed in somewhat average teenage clothes. This is by no delegacy extreme gay activism with stereotypical gay wardrobe, mannerisms and speaking style but a subtle depiction of a situation that a pretty average young gay man is likely to encounter.It all looks and is intended to look normal. The video is youth-focused, because it lets the audience see things from the boys perspective, while making it obvious that the father does not revalue the insider information which audience and boy share. The father represents the traditional French male role poseur of an experient older man who is successful with women. The son represents a more up to date role model of a gay French man. An interesting aspect of the video is that there are a bend of appeals going on at the same time in d ifferent directions.On the one devolve there is a main message conveyed by pathos, which shows the young boys romantic feelings towards his boyfriend, and his ironic acceptance of his fathers old fashioned and rather macho attitudes. On the other hand there is some authority and believability in the role of the father who pays for the meal and takes a positive(p) and fatherly interest in his son. The son is inward looking and reflective, using the personal pronoun I to disclose his feelings, while the father uses the pronoun you more often and directs his feelings outwards.The father cites the evidence of his own experience to offer an representative for the boy to follow in his footsteps. McDonalds will be well aware that parents and teenage children, and the sometimes complicated and difficult relationship between them is absolutely the territory in which they operate their business. They provide a framework, something like a neutral territory, in which this generational conf lict can be worked through, via the activity of buying and eating fast food. In making the gay- cordial message implicit, rather than explicit, McDonalds avoids the possible outcome of presenting a crass or sensationalist message.The way gaps in the narrative are left for the viewer to supply is also very clever, because it flatters the audience and forces them to get involved in constructing the humbleing of the advertisement. Ambiguity used in this way is a very powerful rhetorical technique. There is still, of course, the possibility that some viewers will react negatively to the overturning of the traditionally dominant heterosexual point of view. Some viewers will resist the gay-friendly message that is being constructed but this, too, is part of the writers intention.Advertisers often court controversy as a means to extend the impact of their message and this is a prime example of that. If some viewers react with an shadowy and anti-gay blog post or a you tube video or tex t response thusly this in turn provokes pro-gay and pro-McDonald posts from the viewers. The message is then guaranteed durability and a wider circulation. In purely technical business terms this video is a model of economy and precision. There are only two speakers, and each(prenominal) takes only one conversation turn.The product is never mentioned, and the instant recognizability factor with this brand makes this irrelevant in any case. Just in case there is any doubt in the viewers mind, however, the logo is added at the end. The colors are muted, and the mood is a gentle family intimacy with some emphasis caused by the unspoken facts which change the surface meaning of the discourse. Deep meaning is conveyed in shots of the changing expressions on the sons face, and these meanings are obliquely referred to in the tag line Come as you are.This phrase is used in standard English to mean something like dont dress up specially there is no need to be formal and the McDonalds ad suggests an extension of this to mean something like you dont need to pretend you are straight, just be yourself for a young and gay friendly audience, or you dont need to worry if your son is gay, just come and eat with him as normal for an older audience who may be less open towards a gay message. The advert makes a plea for tolerance, not for any particular orientation.All of the components of the advert, even including the brief snippet of song saying Im going on my way at the end, adjudge these same messages and the images work, because they rest on a long McDonalds formula of adverts showing intimate conversations in busy restaurant scenes, but incorporate this new diversity based angle in a positive, friendly and contemporary way. Appendix 1. 1. Boy Hello? 2. Boy I was thinking about you too. 3. Boy I miss you too. 4. Boy My dads coming, I have to hang up. 5. Father Is this your class interpret? 6. Father You look just like me at your age/ 7.Father Let me tell you I was qu ite the ladies man 8. Father Too bad your class is all boys 9. Father You could get all the girls. (Song in the background) 10. Tag line replaces the pictures Come as you are. Hill, Charles A. and Helmers, Marguerite (2008) Defining Visual Rhetorics. Mahwah, NJ Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Lunsford, Andrea A. , Ruskiewicz, deception J. , Walters, Keith. (2009) Everythings an Argument. Boston Bedford books. McDonalds video advert Come as You Are, (2010) in French with English subtitles. Available online at http//www. youtube. com/watch? v=xk8xyONKK_4&feature=related

Brand Manager

We keep hearing about motorcoachs of different kinds, yet we never really agnise what a managers job actually entails. This condition pull up stakes deal with a specific kind of manager the sword manager. Through this article, we allow for know a little something more about a brand manager and the brand manager job description in detail. Along with that, we will also manage into the different brand manager duties and some opposite brand manager responsibilities. Read the chase article to know a little something more about the brand manager job description and what flight opportunities one might have in that field.Job Description of Brand Manager As the strike suggests, the brand manager has to work with a particular brand or several brands. It is a super challenging job because he has to take the entire responsibility for the success of that product(s), and is therefore, responsible for all link aspects which include planning, buying, selling, marketing, pricing, dispa tching and ordering. That is a birds eye view of what a brand manager job description is, the following paragraphs will list some of the important duties of the brand manager.To begin with, they need to work extensively with the interrogation and development department of the company, and with their help, formulate the best possible fashion to market the product. They need to supply the engineers (who argon working on developing the product) with the results of the market look and on the basis of which the product will be based. They also check if the engineers are following the decided path and suggest changes for improvement. They need to be richly aware of the product at hand.What is the product capable of doing and what will be some of the improvements that might take place in the future. Once the product is ready, he must gather a core throng for testing. The results from these tests will help him to determine whether the product has been able to achieve the desired re sult or not. later the product has passed this test, he will have to think of the marketing strategies for the same. What will be the audience, the target assort at which the product will be directed etc. The packaging of the product the best way in which the audience will be able to connect to the product and how the packaging will be able to convey what the product is all about. The pricing of the product is also an important factor that will need the drawing up of several strategies. The brand manager will work with several other departments to determine this aspect. Then he will undertake the extensive planning of the techniques and methods by which the product will be launched in the market. The advertising strategies that will be used.What modes of mass media will be utilized to watch the success of the product. The methods of promotion that will be used will also need to be pertinacious by him. All this will be dependent upon the work out that has been allocated. H e has to also make authorized that all these techniques employed like the promotions, marketing, advertising costs , all of them fall under the allotted budget and no more. after the product has been launched, he has to monitor the sales. Depending on the sales, he needs to change strategies or techniques in marketing, advertising or promotions to lead to maximum success.Read more on marketing strategies. He has to plan for the future about the course of the product what will be the future strategies etc. so that continued success is guaranteed. Bringing about changes in the product from time to time so that it includes whatever the audience wants and is thereby accepted more openly by the audience. A marketing plan is an decreed plan of how the company intends to execute its marketing strategies. Learning how to write a marketing plan is actually important as it gives the management a good idea of what the marketing department is up to.So this article will explain how to develop a marketing plan along with supplying a marketing plan template. Marketing Plan Developing a marketing plan is tough and requires a good amount of research. A marketing plan starts with market research. The first step is to evaluate what the customers odor about your product, what they like about it, and what changes they would like to see in the product. By communicating with the end users of the product, we translate what they expect of the product, what are their exact needs and how your product can best satisfy that need.Market research also helps you analyze the strengths and weaknesses of your product along with finding out the potential opportunities and threats to your products present market share. After the market research has been conducted, you will have a fair idea of what the users think about your products and what changes you whitethorn need to integrate into your final product offering. Market research will also help you go through the pulse of the market and understand how the customer sees your product and that way, you will be able to make a good marketing strategy for it.

Victoria Secret

VICTORIA SECRET MARKEITNG STRATEGY securities industry OBJECTIVES Focus on mathematical product Strategy In consecrate to penetrate into the Asian grocery store, capital of Seychelless unfathomable should focus on product strategy, as the pressure for customization is high in order to twist points of difference to Asian consumers. This can be carefully managed by establishing an R&D team in Singapore to focus on the Asian market.By setting up a benignant engineering seek centre which carries out detailed research into body shapes and sizes and other related areas such as human sensibilities and physiology, centering its research towards Asians, capital of Seychelless Secret could successfully tailor its products to suit the local market. Product examineing and performance evaluation With young innovations, Victorias Secret can subsequently test its new products via its official website or a new website catered to the Asian market. This al low-downs the company to track and analyze sales, which in turns helps to improve research.In addition, it is important to use the existing physical stores at Resorts World Sentosa and Changi Airport to showcase new products catered specially to the local market. Performance audit and commemorate tracking can be done to let on areas of improvement as well as testing the feasibility of the strategies used. Evaluating the performance would help Victorias Secret to decide if the company should continue with the geographic expansion strategy and also identify areas that may enhance its expansion efforts. Establish strong brand presence in the regionFull penetration into the Asian market can be done through setting up of physical stores in prime shop district in the region, namely, Hong Kong, Korea, Japan, Singapore and Shanghai. Victorias Secret can also adopt a transnational strategy which strives to optimize the trade-offs associated with efficiency, local adaptation and learning. Local responsiveness can be maint ain through periodic brand audits to ensure success in the geographic expansion strategy. three-figure seek - Target Segment Male (Sample Size 57) tick AwarenessA) inciter believe Victorias Secret and Triumph received the highest brand recall rate when respondents were asked to list the brand(s) of lingerie they knew. This is followed by Wacoal and La Senza. B) Brand Recognition When asked if there were aware of these brands, Victorias Secret and Triumph enjoy high brand recognition with 96% and 98% followed by Wacoal (68%) and La Senza(65%). C) Effectiveness of Existing Communication Channels The male respondents indicate that they write out the brand through its fashion show (67%), their distaff (58%) and male friends (36%) and features on cartridge holder (47%).Respondents also quoted having seen its online catalogs (24%) and physical stores (27%). However, only 24% of the respondents mystify seen its fashion shows. 11% has visited the brands website mend only 2% indic ated that they own its catalogs. Brand Reponses When asked about their previous purchases, only 14% of the male respondents have purchase lingerie for their partners before. Out of these purchases, 75% were brought on impulse while 38% were for birthdays and surprise gifts. In assessing their intention to buy for their partners in the future, 68% indicated that they would buy lingerie for their partners in the future.They also indicated that they would most liable(predicate) to buy for their partners as a birthday (31 respondents out of 39), anniversary (30 respondents out of 39) and surprise gifts (35 respondents out of 39). To muddle these purchases, 77% would head down to the stores, 54% would make their purchases online while 46% would get help from their female friends to make the purchases. Brand Resonance In assessing their loyalty to a brand, 29 out of 39 respondents indicated that they exit not stick to one brand. To choose a brand, 73% would look at the design and 68% w ould take into account the accessibility of the stores.In addition, 51% would also look at the price of the lingerie. This indicate low brand resonance among the male respondents. Target Segment Females (Sample Size 74) Brand Awareness A) Brand Recall When respondents were asked to list the brand(s) of lingerie they knew, Triumph received the highest brand recall rate. This is followed by Victorias Secret, Wacoal, capital of South Dakota Cardin, La Senza and Calvin Klein. B) Brand Recognition When asked if there were aware of these brands, Triumph enjoys the highest brand recognition of 100%, followed by La Senza and Victorias Secret with 95% each.C)Effectiveness of Existing Communication Channels 62% of the female respondents are aware of Victorias Secret outlet in Singapore. However, most of them know it through word-of-mouth (69%) and only 33% know it through advertisement and 7% through its campaign. Brand Reponses A)Brand Price Perception 41% of the respondents think that a fai r price for a mankind of Victorias Secret lingerie should be within $20-$50, while 45% of them said it should be within $51-$90. B)Brand Quality Perception The respondents believe that Victorias Secret provides good spirit and a variety of lingerie, with a mean of 3. 4 and 3. 57 out of 5 respectively. C)Purchase inclination 81% of the respondents do not own Victorias Secret lingerie with 54% of them explaining that it is similarly expensive and 36% indicated that they are not sure where to buy them from. However, 82% of the respondents indicated that they would consider purchasing Victorias Secret lingerie in the future and 63% said they would buy it for special occasion. QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS The female respondents rated sexiness and office as the 2 most favourable associations.However, the superior and romanticist image of the brand is less favourable but the result has low consistency among respondents, as shown by their high standard deviation (0. 75). This shows that Victo rias Secret has room for improvement in order to emerge as a favourable brand among others. Victorias Secret has a comparatively high level of uniqueness. The association with sexiness scores the highest, with a mean of 4. 07, followed by stylishness and confidence. Hence, Victorias Secret can advertise the feeling of sexiness, confidence and stylishness as cursory essentials to reach out to a larger target market and boost its sales.Conclusion According to the findings from the survey targeted at female, the association with sexiness scored high on all three elements. This indicates that Victorias Secret should continue to market towards that direction. Secondly, the association with superiority and exclusiveness scored generally low on all three elements. Victorias Secret has to improve on these associations, either through various marketing efforts or by tapping onto the stronger attributes, as they are associations that the brand aims to represent as well.